Mutation Analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Italian Hereditary and Sporadic Forms of Breast and Ovarian Cancers: Tumor Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in Breast Cancer BRCA-Mutation Carriers

Predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer has been attributed to mutant BRCA1 alleles in 90% of hereditary combined tumors and in 45% of hereditary breast cases, whereas mutations in BRCA2 gene are thought to account for about 35% of inherited breast cancers. On the other hand, the presence of mutations in the sporadic forms of these tumors is an infrequent event. This suggests that tumors arising in BRCA mutation carriers may differ from BRCA negative hereditary and sporadic cancer in genetic and biological features as well as in clinical behaviour. We undertook our study to evaluate the frequent of BRCA mutations in patients with hereditary and sporadic breast and/or ovarian tumors in order to explore if specific pathological and clinical features of tumors are associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Mutational analysis was also performed for exon 11 by PTT complemented by SSCP for the remaining entire coding region and exon-intron splice boundaries. Direct sequence analysis was used to identify the genetic alterations. DNA germline mutations were detected in 22 out 76 (29%) families; 15 probands (20%) showed BRCA1 mutations; 7 patients (9%) presented mutations in the BRCA2 gene. About 50% (11/22) BRCA-mutations were detected in families with three or more affected relatives most of which (8/11) occurred in BRCA1; 27% (6/22) BRCA-mutations were observed in families with two affected relatives; 18% (4/22) in families with one affected relative and one BRCA-mutation (5%; 1/22) was identified in a borderline family. No hot spot of mutations was found in the two genes, but almost 50% occurred in exon 11 of BRCA1 and BRCA2. The BRCA-mutational analysis, performed on 30 primary early onset breast cancers (” 36 yrs.) and 18 ovarian carcinomas (” 50 yrs.), revealed the presence of: a) one somatic point mutation, an 5382insC, in one ovarian cancer patient, b) a rare sequence variant in exon 15 in one case of breast cancer, c) four different common polymorphisms (one in intron 8 in breast and ovarian tumors, one in intron 7 in breast carcinomas and one in exon 13 and in exon 16 in ovarian neoplasm). The specific pathological and clinical features of breast-tumors associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were explored (histological type, pathological grade, lymph node status, tumor size, lymphatic and blood vessel tumor emboli, tumor necrosis, presence of other lesions in the parenchyma collateral to invasive carAbstract